Раздел 1. СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ О ПРИМЕНЕНИИ СРЕДСТВ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ РЕАБИЛИТАЦИИ ПРИ ОСТЕОХОНДРОЗЕ 1.1. Этиология и патогенез остеохондроза позвоночника 1.2. Пилатес как основной метод реабилитации при остеохондрозе Раздел 2. КРАТКОЕ ОПИСАНИЕ КЛИЕНТА И ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ПРОГРАММЫ 2.1 МРТ исследование шейного, грудного и поясничного отделов позвоночника перед началом нашей работы с клиентом 2.2. Содержание и структура программы Раздел 3. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ И ИХ АНАЛИЗ 3.1. Результаты исследований и их анализ Выводы Список использованных источников

Lumbar hyperlordsis is a postural abnormality characterized by an increased lordotic or inward curve of the lumber spine. Causes of lumber hyperlordis include, poor postural habits, obesity, spinal conditions and a lack of physical exercise. Left untreated, lumbar hyperlordsis can result in symptoms that range from pain and tightness in the low back, hips, pelvis and legs to long term spinal disc and nerve conditions. However with a properly programmed exercise routine (and depending on the cause), lumbar hyperlordosis can be reversed and/or symptoms can be alleviated. Pilates is an excellent exercise modality for treatment of lumbar hyperlordosis as there is significant focus on core strength, pelvic lumbar awareness and control, proper posture and proper movement patters.


My research stems from an interest and common occurrence that I notice with pilates enthusiasts and clients. Many times they have neck sensitivities, injuries or just years of neglect, stress and tension that does not find any relief. The students then enjoy strenuous workouts, they like to take their aggression out, and like to be challenged physically. The concern lies that when we have a strong appetite for physical fitness and yet cannot let go, relax or release the ears from the shoulders. Training the clients is challenging and happens little by little. Many of us hold tension in our necks and upper backs, if I can encourage practices to relieve strain, tension and tightness along with core stabilizing and correct posture, then I can feel satisfied for the classes I am giving and the services I offer as a pilates instructor while improving the health and wellbeing of my clients.

Working in the hospitality industry as wait staff has to be one of the most demanding jobs there is both physically and mentally due to the long rigorous working hours. There is a high percentage of workplace injuries which not only impact the employee but also results in loss of productivity, higher insurance premiums and other expenses for the business. In general, according to the National Restaurant Association the acute injuries have been on the decline, it is the chronic injuries that creep up over time and have been left unattended that have become problematic. These include lower back pain due to bad posture and ill fitting shoes, shoulder pain and tendinitis of the hands. These come as no suprise considering that wait staff are working in all ranges of motion and unless they have the correct postural alignment and core strength it is only natural that there will be compensations within the body and muscle imbalances.

Recent research studies prove that muscle fibers retain proliferate nucleus. Muscle memory is obtained when hypertrophy of muscle fibers increases the number of nucleus in the cells. These increased nuclei assist with muscle restoration. When muscles atrophy from injury or non-use the nucleus do not decrease in number. They stick around waiting for the muscle fiber to hypertrophy again where they will increase in number. Therefore, although a muscle fiber may atrophy the ability to regain strength will be a quicker process then if that muscle fiber had not been used in the past. In a human lifetime, it’s easier to use your muscles and make them strong from a young age. The muscles will remember their strength and will give you grace if you need to take a break from using them at some point in your life. And when you return to that muscle again it will still love you and it will work for you again!

I decided osteoporosis as the topic of this paper for multiple reasons. I came across this condition only a few years ago, when I learned that my mother suffers from it. As I started to inform myself, I was shocked by the lack of awareness regarding its risks and specially its prevention. Essentially, osteoporosis is a condition which decreases bone mass. This leads to bone fragility increasing the risk of fractures. Due to a big hormonal component, osteoporosis is more common in post-menopausal women than men or teenagers. Considering that most of my clients are female ages between 45 – 60, seeking for a safe and healthy yet challenging way of exercising, educating myself about this condition is a priority. In this paper I will go through a brief anatomical description of the effects of osteoporosis in the spine as well as a Pilates conditioning program for a client of mine diagnosed with this condition.

Unos de los motivos principales por el que he elegido esta lesión de rodilla es, por haberla padecido y así con mi experiencia poder llevarla a cabo con Julia y con muchos clientes que frecuentan nuestro Studio Pilates. Causas de lesión; Ferrocarrilero ubicado entre fémur y tibia, el cual facilita la distribución de cargas en la rodilla. El objetivo principal es la recuperación de la movilidad, esta es clave para una inmediata actividad del tono muscular (tras una operación por artroscopia del menisco interno ) y a su vez de todos aquellos que rodean la articulación como son; Cuádriceps, Vasto Interno, Vasto Externo...los cuales sujetan la rodilla y a su vez conseguir objetivos como: · Estimular flujo sanguíneo. · Rango de movimiento en su totalidad. · Prevenir la atrofia muscular. La recuperación del menisco interno se puede realizar aproximadamente entre la semana 3 o 5 siendo esta más rápida que el menisco externo y comenzamos con un programa del Método Pilates específico para dicha lesión, con el que cabe destacar que ha sido el responsable de la pronta recuperación de Julia, adquiriendo un tono muscular adecuado, rango de movilidad en su totalidad y la funcionalidad de la articulación de la "Rodilla". Para mi ha sido un reto apasionante y emotivo a su vez.

En el método Pilates la respiración es esencial, de hecho, es uno de sus principios claves ya que ayuda a controlar los movimientos y facilita la estabilización y la movilización de la columna vertebral y las extremidades. Cada movimiento debe coordinarse con una respiración específica, según cada tipo de ejercicio, de tal modo que contribuya a dirigir la energía a la zona que se está movilizando. La mayoría de nosotros no utilizamos nuestra capacidad respiratoria en su totalidad ya que generalmente al respirar solemos hacer respiraciones poco profundas usando sólo la parte superior de la caja torácica. Esta forma de respirar, que es la más frecuente, provoca tensión en el cuello y hombros limitando la función del diafragma y del resto de la caja torácoca. El diafragma es un músculo desconocido para la mayoría de las personas, pero que al igual que toda la musculatura externa, se lesiona y produce infinidades de síntomas con los que no lo relacionamos. Éste gran músculo respiratorio se inserta en el esternón, las costillas y las vértebras lumbares. Además, sus pilares se conectan con el psoas-iliaco (flexor de cadera) trabaja en equipo con los músculos del abdomen (se enlaza con las fibras del transverso) y del suelo pélvico. El diafragma está involucrado en nuestra respiración, sin embargo, su función postural también es muy importante. Su función puede verse limitada por las excesivas tensiones internas de diferente origen. Además, es un músculo muy emocional. El estrés y las emociones tienen profundos efectos en la respiración. La tensión hace que la respiración se atasque, el diafragma se tensa y queda rígido. Es importante aprender a liberar el diafragma de las tensiones externas para que se mueva mejor y por lo tanto liberar nuestra respiración para mejorar nuestra salud. La respiración juega un papel clave en ella. Gran consejo éste de Joseph Pilates: “Lo que aporta Pilates es conciencia y control de la respiración. La primera lección es la de respirar correctamente. Exprima hasta el último aire de los pulmones dejándolos tan limpios de aire como si hubiera hecho de ello el vacío” Joseph Pilates.

This paper focuses on the swayback posture of an office bound senior executive. Posture may be described in terms of alignment of the joints and bony landmarks. The term “ideal posture” can be used to describe posture relative to a plumb line when viewed from the side. Good alignment translates into less stress on the spine and more economical muscular activity (Isacowitz, 2013). The sway back posture is where the pelvis is pushed in front of the centre of gravity. As a result, your spine compensates, and the result is an exaggeration of the curves in the spine Most noticeably the upper back will round (kyphosis) and the head will move forward to maintain a sense of balance and equilibrium. (Posture Direct, n.d.) Whilst the client does not experience back ache arising from the sway back posture, they are aware of their bias towards this postural alignment, which progresses/ worsens as the day progresses leaving the client feeling stiff. This paper outlines the Pilates conditioning programme chosen specifically to address the issues pertaining to the sway back posture. The BASI block programme is used within the conditioning programme to ensure each area of the body is addressed to bring the body back into ideal alignment and ensure muscles work effectively thus reducing compensations and imbalances.

A diastasis recti is the unnatural distancing of the right and/or left halves of the rectus abdominus from the midline caused by a weakening and stretching of the connective tissue called the linea alba. Diastasis of this muscle principally occurs in two populations: newborns and pregnant women. It is also known to affect men, particularly those who are overweight. In this paper, I focus on how diastasis recti affects women postpartum generally and more specifically, by focusing on my client’s case, who is eight years postpartum. This paper will discuss the anatomical and musculoskeletal changes of the early postpartum period and how a diastasis recti affects movement. More specifically, I will be looking at the role and anatomy of the abdominal muscles to see how they can be recruited and reconditioned after a diastasis recti using a safe and effective Pilates program. The paper will also focus on how certain traditional Pilates exercises can be modified in order to aid proper postural alignment and good body mechanics and help to prevent and alleviate the symptoms often common with this condition such as pelvic/lower back tightness and pain.

This paper discusses a case study who suffers from a cavus foot and how using Basi Block system can help lessen the pain caused by it and all the other associated issues. The medical world is used to seeing more flat footed related issues, and has not been much help with cavus feet. Only relying on inserts for some support. Having a weekly Pilates routine, in which a lot of work is done with the feet and ankles, working on alignment from tip of the head to the toes, has helped not only the release in the tightness of the feet but of the spine and hamstrings, all while strengthening the core and improving back posture.

Cycling offers the mental and physical health benefits of outdoor exercise and improved cardiovascular strength. A common problem among most avid cyclists is the tendancy to an anterior rotation of the shoulder joint, otherwise known as rounded shoulders. This is so prevalent and can cause so many issues. Basically the issue springs from the fact that, while on a bicycle, you're locked into a certain posture over prolonged periods of time. Our body is a great adapter and it comforms to repetitive action. Rounded shoulders are a restriction of the pectoral muscle group as they connect to the shoulder area. Using the BASI Pilates block system I want to share ways of how to counteract this common problem, increase mobility and minimize pain and discomfort in the shoulders.

Since the inception of the Pilates technique almost 90 years ago several different approaches to the method have evolved. Some of these techniques only address rehabilitation in direct correspondence to the Pilates equipment. At the heart of BASI Pilates are the ten principles of awareness, balance, breath, concentration, centre, control, efficiency, flow, precision and harmony. As written in the Study Guide “ A far greater part of human potential is realised when the mental aspect of conditioning is integrated onto the learning and re-education process.” (8) This case study demonstrates how BASI Pilates supports not only the rehabilitation of an elite athlete through a complex shoulder injury but allows the re-education and conditioning of the entire body to provide safer, functional movement for a select population.

Pregnancy changes a woman’s body. After giving birth it takes time to recover from the stress and changes that have occurred and to return to pre-pregnancy states. The post-partum period is approximately six to eight weeks, which is how long it takes for the uterus to contact back to its previous size and is the amount of time recommended before a woman can safely resume pre-pregnancy activities. However, there can be some effects of pregnancy, such as the stretching and weakening of the pelvic floor muscles, diastasis recti and postural changes, that if not addressed can develop into long term problems such as low back pain, incontinence and muscle weakness and imbalances. Many of these issues are intensified by multiple pregnancies. These concerns can be ameliorated with appropriate treatment and exercise. Pilates is an effective training program which can treat issues that develop with pregnancy and childbirth by focusing on strengthening and stabilizing the core muscles including the pelvic floor, deep abdominal muscles and back extensors.

Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is one of the most common overuse injuries amongst runners. It is the repetitive friction between the iliotibial band (ITB) and the lateral femoral epicondyle usually resulting in the lateral gluteal muscles not firing correctly. This leads to decreased ability to stabilise the pelvis and eccentrically control hip abduction. With running being a popular activity, injuries such as ITBS are now becoming more prevalent amongst amateur runners especially females. Factors such as excessive mileage, camber of the road and downhill running all cause weakness and inhibition of the lateral gluteal muscles which can lead to ITBS. This research paper will examine how the BASI ® block system can be utilised to assist in the rehabilitation of a female runner with ITBS through the emphasis of eccentric muscle contractions, stretches and integrated movement patterns.

Lumbar lordosis is a distinct feature of the spinal pillar, with a great role in the body’s biomechanics and function. It protects the spinal ligament system from strain by acting as a shock absorber during applied forces. With direct contact to the pelvis, the lumbar curve serves to maintain sagittal balance, and allows a person to lift about 3 times his own body weight. Optimal pelvic alignment has a huge effect on mechanical efficiency during sport and exercise. Therefore misalignment, especially anterior pelvic tilt, can compromise muscle performance and can increase the susceptibility of lower limb pathologies, most importantly lower back pain. LBP’s has been associated with postural and muscular characteristics, including changes in the lumbar curve. Hyperlordosis can affect joint compression and increase shear force at the lumbosacral junction causing LBP.

This paper identifies how Pilates is used as rehabilitation for lower back pain. 80% of adults will experience lower back pain at some point in their lives (2014: NINDS). Occupational and recreational activities are both fundamental reasons why a client will suffer from back pain. This client is a woman who suffers from lower back pain and back spasms lasting from a few hours to a few days. After the client gave birth to her second child she saw her abdominal muscles deteriorate, back muscles weaken and through her recreational activities she slowly noticed the pain increase and the spasms amplify. Teaching the client postural alignment will give her the tools to avoid further injury. Pilates will strengthen her abdominal muscles, stabilize, re-align the inner cylinder and improve muscle imbalances; she will most importantly feel a sense of control and strength in her body. The following conditioning program, using the BASI block system will aim to reduce her back spasms, which are a result of weak back extensors and abdominals.

The survivability rates of breast cancer have greatly improved over the past few decades; however, researchers have proven that two popular treatments – chemotherapy and hormone therapy – impact bone health, resulting in cancer treatment-induced osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a condition that results in porous, low-density bones and an increased risk of fractures. Besides the risk of osteoporosis, breast cancer survivors can struggle with other issues including a decreased range of arm/torso motion and pain associated with surgeries, possible lymphedema, fatigue, a loss of proprioception/kinesthesia, etc. This paper focuses on how the BASI Comprehensive Program can help survivors regain arm and shoulder mobility and core strength and improve bone density following cancer treatment. It also includes modifications to accommodate cancer-related osteoporosis, exchanging exercises with flexion for flat back and/or extension.

Stability may be the word that comes to mind when thinking of a 40 hour work week desk job. Other less known words that accompany the description are: bad posture, tight hip flexors, tight shoulders, neck strain, hamstring weakness and stress. On average, employees with desk jobs spend 15 hours a day sitting (including commuting, taking meal and break time, and working). Over time, the implications of prolonged sitting lead to weakness, injury, or strains to muscles, bones, tendons and ligaments in the body. The most common risks associated with sitting are: lowback pain, postural deviations, disc degeneration, neck pain, and tight hips. Although many offices have transitioned over to standing desks, standing for prolonged periods of time can be uncomfortable and cause postural imbalances in addition to back, leg, hip, and foot pain. Other typical repetitive motions observed in desk-job employees are clicking the mouse with a dominant hand, talking on the phone (stationry or cellular), texting, and typing. These repetitive activities may cause injuries such as forward head syndrome, carpal tunnel syndrome, postural and muscular imbalances in addition to fatigue, tendinitis, tennis elbow and arthritis. Pilates can help alleviate these symptoms and assist in improving posture, correcting muscle imbalances, stretch tight muscles, and increase flexibility. In addition, pilates can help facilitate focus and alleviate stress through controlled breathing accompanying the exercises.

Настоящая работа описывает процесс восстановления клиента, которого беспокоят боли в пояснице. Предполагаемой причиной болей считается наличие межпозвонковых грыж L4-L5, а также L5-S1. В ходе проведенных на основе метода Пилатес мероприятий за первый месяц были устранены основные дискомфортные состояни. На исходе четвертого месяца клиентом были восстановлены основные двигательные функции, которые лимитировала боль, вернулось качество сна, болевой синдром из постоянного состояния перешел в периодическое.